As technology continues to advance, businesses are turning to automated systems to improve operations and efficiency. Aside from the very familiar barcode, two additional popular technologies in the world of automated systems are RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and RTLS (Real Time Location System). While these technologies may appear to be interchangeable, they have distinct differences that can significantly impact their effectiveness in various applications.
It’s not uncommon for us at CSSI to be contacted for help with RFID projects, which turn out to be better served by RTLS. We thought it would be helpful to discuss the differences and pros and cons of each.
Why is there confusion about the difference between RFID and RTLS?
The confusion between RFID and RTLS arises from the fact that they share similarities in how they operate. Both technologies use radio waves to communicate information and have applications in asset tracking and inventory management. Additionally, RFID and RTLS devices can be used to track the location of assets or personnel. However, the fundamental differences lie in their underlying technology, purpose, and functionality. It’s important to understand the differences so that you select the optimal technology for your need.
What technologies do RFID and RTLS use, and how are they different?
An RFID system uses tags or transponders that emit a radio signal to a reader, which then captures the signal and transmits it to a computer for processing. Each RFID tag contains unique identification codes that are used to identify individual items, and the tag can be passive or active. Passive RFID tags are energized by the reader’s signal and do not require a battery, while an active RFID tag has a power source. Active tags have a stronger signal which improves readability, but this comes with a significant cost increase and a limited lifespan prior to battery replacement. Passive tags have a relatively weaker signal, but a passive RFID tag is also less expensive and not limited in lifespan.
On the other hand, RTLS uses a combination of technologies, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, and UWB (Ultra-Wideband) to provide real-time location tracking. Unlike RFID, which only provides identification, an RTLS solution offers location tracking capabilities that can track personnel, assets, and vehicles in real-time.
Discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of RFID when compared to RTLS.
RFID technology is excellent for inventory management and asset tracking, where location tracking is not required. RFID’s strengths lie in its ability to identify items quickly and efficiently, without requiring line-of-sight contact with the tag. Additionally, RFID tags can be read from a distance, which makes them ideal for use in environments where assets move rapidly or where items need to be scanned without being handled.
However, RFID has its limitations, such as limited range, which makes it unsuitable for applications that require real-time location tracking. Additionally, a passive RFID tag can be read from only a short distance, and its accuracy can be affected by interference from metal and water.
| RFID | RTLS |
|---|---|
| High tag volume | Lower tag volume |
| Disposable tags | Permanent/long-term use tags |
| Lower positioning accuracy | Very high positioning accuracy |
| Active or passive tags: may/may not use batteries | Active tags: use batteries |
| Typical use case: Monitoring which of a large quantity of items pass a chokepoint, or counting items in a space. | Typical use case: Tracking the specific location of high-value items. |
Discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of an RTLS system when compared to RFID.
RTLS provides real time location tracking that makes it ideal for use in applications that require constant monitoring and tracking of personnel, assets, and vehicles. Its strengths lie in its ability to provide accurate location data, even in complex environments such as multi-story buildings, tunnels, and areas with high levels of interference.
However, RTLS can be expensive to implement and maintain, requiring a robust infrastructure that includes specialized hardware and software. Additionally, its accuracy can be affected by obstructions such as walls and buildings, which can result in inaccurate location data.
Are there benefits to working with an experienced RFID or RTLS consultant when creating a project, or can this effort be done entirely with in-house resources?
Working with an experienced RFID or real time locating system consultant can significantly improve the chances of a successful project. These consultants can offer valuable insights into the best practices for deploying and configuring the technology, selecting the right hardware and software, and troubleshooting issues that may arise.
While it is possible to implement an RFID or RTLS solution in-house, it can be a complex and challenging process that requires a significant investment in time, resources, and expertise. Working with an experienced consultant can shorten the timeline and help reduce the risks associated with deploying new technology, and ensure that the project meets its goals and objectives.
RFID vs RTLS: Select the right tool for the job
Both RFID & RTLS formats have their place, when assigned to the right type of project. CSSI can support you in analyzing your core requirements and business opportunity, and help you determine which technology to utilize. If you wish to discuss an RFID or RTLS solution, please contact CSSI to get started.